This book explains the progress in biomedicine from the beginning of immunology attributed to the work of E. Jenner who devised a vaccine against smallpox, to the recent new developed disease therapies based on molecular biology of the cell and immunology. This book furthermore explains the progress in the recent therapies (near-infrared photoimmunotherapy, checkpoint blockade immunotherapy and CAR T cell therapy) against cancer which is the most common fatal disease in industrialized countries, developed intending to solve the problems of removing cancer drug’s side effects and bringing a cure for cancer to completion for which cancer patients expect with enthusiasm.